DNA Electrophoresis Migration Calculator

Band size is determined by comparing the migration distance of unknown DNA fragments to a molecular weight ladder with known fragment sizes. Smaller fragments migrate farther than larger fragments due to their ability to move more easily through the gel matrix.

Key factors include fragment size (smaller fragments migrate farther), gel concentration (higher concentration slows migration), voltage (higher voltage increases migration speed), buffer type, temperature, and electrophoresis time.

Higher agarose concentrations create a tighter gel matrix with smaller pores, which provides better resolution for smaller DNA fragments but slows overall migration. Lower concentrations are better for separating larger fragments.

TAE buffer generally allows faster migration and is better for larger fragments, while TBE provides better resolution for smaller fragments and has higher buffering capacity. TBE also tends to run cooler than TAE.

Higher voltages increase migration speed but can cause band distortion and gel heating. Lower voltages provide better resolution but require longer run times. Optimal voltage is typically 1-5 V/cm of gel length.

Yes, higher temperatures reduce buffer viscosity and increase DNA mobility, leading to faster migration. However, excessive heat can cause band distortion and affect gel integrity. Most runs are performed at room temperature or with cooling.

Electrophoretic mobility is the velocity of DNA movement per unit electric field strength, expressed in cm²/V·s. It's calculated by dividing migration distance by the product of voltage, time, and gel length.

Calculations provide estimates based on theoretical models and typical experimental conditions. Actual results may vary due to gel preparation variations, buffer composition, DNA secondary structure, and environmental factors.