Ideal Transformer Calculator

An ideal transformer consists of two coils (primary and secondary) wound around a common magnetic core. When AC current flows through the primary coil, it creates a varying magnetic field that induces voltage in the secondary coil. The voltage ratio depends on the turns ratio between the coils.

The ideal transformer equation is Vs/Vp = Ns/Np, where Vs is secondary voltage, Vp is primary voltage, Ns is secondary turns, and Np is primary turns. For current, the relationship is inverted: Is/Ip = Np/Ns.

An ideal transformer has no losses, perfect coupling between coils, infinite permeability of the core, and no leakage flux. In reality, transformers have small losses due to resistance, hysteresis, and eddy currents, but ideal calculations provide close approximations.

The turns ratio is calculated as the number of primary turns divided by secondary turns (Np/Ns). This ratio determines the voltage transformation - a ratio greater than 1 means step-down, less than 1 means step-up.

In an ideal transformer, voltage and current have an inverse relationship. If voltage is stepped up by a factor, current is stepped down by the same factor, maintaining constant power (ignoring losses). This follows from the conservation of energy principle.

No, transformers only work with AC (alternating current) voltage. They rely on changing magnetic fields to induce voltage in the secondary coil. DC voltage creates a constant magnetic field that cannot induce voltage in the secondary winding.

A step-up transformer increases voltage (Ns > Np) and decreases current, while a step-down transformer decreases voltage (Ns < Np) and increases current. The turns ratio determines which type it is.

In an ideal transformer, input power equals output power. Power can be calculated as P = V × I on either side. The primary power (Vp × Ip) should equal secondary power (Vs × Is) in an ideal transformer with no losses.