What are dividends?
Dividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholders, typically from profits. They can be paid in cash or additional shares and are commonly distributed quarterly. Mutual funds and ETFs also distribute dividends when the underlying stocks they hold pay them out. See also our IRS Interest Calculator.
How are dividends taxed?
Dividends are taxed in two ways depending on their classification. Qualified dividends are taxed at the lower long-term capital gains rates (0%, 15%, or 20%). Ordinary (non-qualified) dividends are taxed as regular income at your marginal federal income tax bracket, which can be as high as 37%.
What makes a dividend 'qualified'?
A dividend is qualified if it is paid by a U.S. corporation or qualifying foreign corporation and you have held the stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date. Qualified dividends benefit from reduced capital gains tax rates rather than ordinary income rates.
What are the ordinary dividend tax rates for 2025?
Ordinary dividends are taxed at your standard federal income tax bracket rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, or 37%, depending on your total taxable income and filing status. These are the same rates applied to your wages and other regular income.
How do I report dividends on my tax return?
You report dividend income using Form 1099-DIV, which your brokerage sends you each year. Total ordinary dividends go on Schedule B and then on Form 1040 Line 3b. Qualified dividends are entered on Line 3a. If your total dividends exceed $1,500, you must also complete Schedule B.
Can I avoid paying taxes on dividends?
Yes — holding dividend-paying investments inside a tax-advantaged account like a Traditional IRA, Roth IRA, or 401(k) shelters dividends from current taxation. With a Roth IRA, qualified withdrawals in retirement are completely tax-free, making it especially powerful for dividend investors.
Does this calculator include state dividend taxes?
No, this calculator covers federal dividend taxes only. Most U.S. states also tax dividend income at their own rates, which vary widely — from 0% in states with no income tax (like Florida and Texas) to over 13% in California. Check your state tax authority for specific rates.