Gross to Net Calculator

Gross pay is your total earnings before any taxes or deductions are taken out. Net pay — also called take-home pay — is what you actually receive after federal taxes, state taxes, FICA contributions, and any other deductions have been subtracted from your gross income. See also our use the Liquid Net Worth Calculator.

To calculate net pay, subtract all applicable taxes and deductions from your gross income. This includes federal income tax, state income tax, Social Security (6.2%), Medicare (1.45%), and any other deductions such as health insurance or retirement contributions. The formula is: Net Pay = Gross Pay − Total Taxes − Other Deductions.

FICA stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act. It includes two components: Social Security tax (6.2% of gross wages, up to an annual wage base limit) and Medicare tax (1.45% of all wages). Both employees and employers each pay these amounts, effectively doubling the contribution on the employer side. High earners may also owe an additional 0.9% Medicare surtax.

Your effective tax rate is the actual percentage of your gross income that goes toward taxes overall — as opposed to your marginal rate, which is the rate applied only to your highest bracket of income. It's calculated by dividing your total taxes paid by your gross income and multiplying by 100. You might also find our Net Operating Income (NOI) Calculator useful.

If you know the tax rate as a percentage of gross, the formula is: Net = Gross × (1 − tax rate). To go the other direction — if you know the tax rate as a percentage of net — use: Gross = Net / (1 − tax from gross). You can also convert between the two: tax from gross = tax from net / (1 + tax from net).

Pay frequency refers to how often you receive a paycheck — weekly, bi-weekly (every two weeks), semi-monthly (twice per month), or monthly. While your annual gross salary stays the same, your per-paycheck gross amount changes based on frequency: a $60,000 annual salary is $5,000/month, $2,500 semi-monthly, or approximately $2,307 bi-weekly.

Yes. The IRS treats bonuses as 'supplemental wages.' Employers can withhold federal income tax on bonuses using either the flat 22% supplemental rate (for bonuses under $1 million) or by adding the bonus to your regular wages and calculating tax on the total. State tax treatment of bonuses varies by state.

Pre-tax deductions — such as contributions to a 401(k), traditional IRA, health savings account (HSA), or employer-sponsored health insurance — reduce your taxable gross income, lowering the amount of federal and state income tax you owe. Post-tax deductions (like Roth 401k contributions) come out after taxes and don't reduce your taxable income.