Enter your Epistasis Type and the Gene A and Gene B alleles for Parent 1 and Parent 2, then calculate to get the predicted Phenotype Ratio — including the breakdown of Dominant, Epistatic, and Recessive Phenotypes across your Total Offspring, with optional detailed ratios and probabilities.
Phenotype Ratio
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Dominant Phenotype
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Epistatic Phenotype
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Recessive Phenotype
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Total Offspring
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Epistasis is a genetic interaction where one gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene. The masking gene is called epistatic, while the masked gene is hypostatic.
The main types are complementary epistasis (9:7 ratio), supplementary epistasis (9:3:4), recessive epistasis (9:3:4), and dominant epistasis (12:3:1). Each produces different phenotype ratios in F2 crosses.
Complementary epistasis requires both genes to have dominant alleles for expression (9:7 ratio), while supplementary epistasis has one gene adding to the effect of another (9:3:4 ratio with different phenotype categories).
A 9:7 ratio typically indicates complementary epistasis, where both genes must have at least one dominant allele to produce the wild-type phenotype. All other combinations result in the same mutant phenotype.
Epistatic ratios are calculated by performing a dihybrid cross and then grouping phenotypes based on the type of gene interaction. The standard 9:3:3:1 ratio is modified according to the epistatic relationship.
Yes, epistasis can involve multiple genes. However, two-gene epistasis is most commonly studied and provides the foundation for understanding more complex gene interactions.