Enter your reaction coefficients, species names, and initial concentrations into this Equilibrium ICE-Table Calculator, and it works out the change value (x) along with each species' equilibrium concentration, the reaction quotient (Q), and which direction the reaction shifts to reach equilibrium.
Change Value (x)
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Reactant 1 Equilibrium
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Product 1 Equilibrium
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Reaction Quotient (Q)
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Reaction Direction
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An ICE table tracks Initial concentrations, Changes, and Equilibrium concentrations in chemical reactions. It's used to solve equilibrium problems by organizing data and using the equilibrium constant expression to find unknown concentrations.
The equilibrium constant K is calculated using the formula: K = [products]^coefficients / [reactants]^coefficients. For the reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD, K = ([C]^c × [D]^d) / ([A]^a × [B]^b).
The reaction quotient Q uses the same formula as K but with current concentrations instead of equilibrium concentrations. Comparing Q to K tells you the reaction direction: Q < K (forward), Q > K (reverse), Q = K (equilibrium).
Compare the reaction quotient Q to the equilibrium constant K. If Q < K, the reaction proceeds forward to reach equilibrium. If Q > K, the reaction proceeds in reverse. If Q = K, the system is already at equilibrium.
The x value represents the amount of change in concentration for each species. It's related to stoichiometric coefficients: if coefficient is 2, the change is 2x. Reactants decrease (-x) while products increase (+x).
Yes, select 'Partial Pressures (Kp)' mode for gas phase reactions. The calculation principles are the same, but units change from molarity (M) to pressure (atm), and you'll be working with Kp instead of Kc.
Large K values (>1000) indicate reactions that go nearly to completion, while small K values (<0.001) indicate reactions that barely proceed. The calculator handles a wide range from 0.0001 to 10,000.