Enter your atom's Number of σ (Sigma) Bonds, Number of Lone Pairs, and Element into the Hybridization Calculator to find the Hybridization State — plus your atom's Steric Number, Molecular Geometry, and Ideal Bond Angle all at once.
Hybridization State
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Steric Number
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Molecular Geometry
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Ideal Bond Angle
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To determine hybridization, count the number of atoms connected to your target atom (not bonds) and add the number of lone pairs. If the sum is 4, it's sp³; if 3, it's sp²; if 2, it's sp hybridization.
The steric number equals the number of sigma bonds plus the number of lone pairs around an atom. This number determines the hybridization state and molecular geometry.
Yes, the main exception is atoms with lone pairs adjacent to pi bonds. In these cases, lone pairs may occupy p-orbitals instead of hybrid orbitals for better orbital overlap with the pi system.
sp hybridization (linear, 180°) has 2 electron domains, sp² hybridization (trigonal planar, 120°) has 3 electron domains, and sp³ hybridization (tetrahedral, 109.5°) has 4 electron domains.
Geometry determines hybridization, not the other way around. The spatial arrangement of electron domains around an atom dictates which hybrid orbitals are used.
Yes, lone pairs occupy space and affect molecular shape. While they contribute to the steric number for hybridization, they create different molecular geometries compared to bonding pairs.
Hybridization helps predict molecular shapes, bond angles, and properties in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and biochemistry. It's essential for understanding drug interactions and enzyme mechanisms.