Enter your known acid and base values — Acid Molarity (Mₐ), Acid Volume (Vₐ), Number of H⁺ ions (nₐ), Base Molarity (Mᵦ), Base Volume (Vᵦ), and Number of OH⁻ ions (nᵦ) — into this Neutralization Calculator to solve for any missing variable and check your reaction's Equivalence Status.
Calculated Value
--
Solving For
--
Equivalence Status
--
A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water. At the equivalence point, the moles of H⁺ ions from the acid equal the moles of OH⁻ ions from the base.
The neutralization equation is MₐVₐnₐ = MᵦVᵦnᵦ, where M is molarity, V is volume, and n is the number of ionizable protons (for acids) or hydroxide ions (for bases).
Set the appropriate n value: for HCl use nₐ=1, for H₂SO₄ use nₐ=2. For bases, NaOH uses nᵦ=1, while Ca(OH)₂ uses nᵦ=2. This accounts for multiple ionizable groups.
Leave exactly one of the four main fields (Mₐ, Vₐ, Mᵦ, or Vᵦ) blank - this is the value the calculator will solve for. You cannot solve for the n values as they are determined by the chemical formula.
Yes, you can select mL or L for each volume independently. The calculator automatically converts between units during the calculation to ensure accuracy.
Equivalence occurs when the number of moles of H⁺ ions from the acid exactly equals the number of moles of OH⁻ ions from the base, resulting in complete neutralization.
Normality equals molarity multiplied by the number of ionizable groups (N = M × n). For example, 0.1 M H₂SO₄ has a normality of 0.2 N because it can donate 2 protons.