Organic vs Conventional Farming Calculator

Organic yields are typically 75–90% of conventional yields, depending on the crop, region, and farming practices. Corn and soybeans tend to see a larger yield gap, while some small grains and forages can come close to conventional yields. Over time, improved soil health from organic practices can help close this gap.

Organic crops commonly sell at a 50–150% premium over conventional market prices, though premiums vary by crop and market conditions. Organic corn and soybeans have historically commanded strong premiums, but prices fluctuate with import volumes and consumer demand.

Increased imports of organic commodities — especially corn and soybeans — have at times put downward pressure on domestic organic prices. When overseas organic supplies enter the U.S. market at lower costs, domestic farmers may see their premium erode, making careful market research essential before transitioning.

USDA requires a 3-year transition period before a farm can be certified organic. During this time, farmers must follow organic practices but cannot yet sell crops at organic prices — which can create a significant income gap. Many transition budgets assume 80–85% of conventional yields during years 1–2 with conventional pricing.

Organic dairy production prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers on feed crops, as well as antibiotics and growth hormones in livestock. This eliminates a significant volume of agricultural chemicals from the production chain, benefiting both soil health and nearby water sources.

Conventional farming generally has higher costs for synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides. Organic farming trades those costs for higher labor expenses, organic-approved input costs, weed management practices, and annual certification fees. Overall input costs per acre for organic farming are often 10–25% lower, but the savings can be offset by certification and labor costs.

Not necessarily — profitability depends on your local organic premium, your ability to achieve strong yields, access to certified organic markets, and your operational costs. This calculator helps you model your specific situation to see whether the organic premium adequately compensates for yield reductions and transition costs.

Crops with strong organic premiums and relatively small yield gaps are the best candidates, including soybeans, small grains (wheat, oats), and specialty crops. Corn can also be profitable in a certified organic rotation, typically as part of a 4-year rotation with soybeans, wheat, and a forage crop.