Enter your Battery Voltage (V), Battery Capacity (Ah), Series Count, and Parallel Count into the Battery Series/Parallel Calculator to find your Total Voltage, Total Capacity, and Usable Capacity — then adjust Depth of Discharge (%) and System Efficiency (%) to see exactly how much energy your battery bank can actually deliver.
Total Voltage
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Total Capacity
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Usable Capacity
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Total Batteries
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Total Energy
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Series connections add voltages together while keeping capacity the same. Parallel connections add capacities together while keeping voltage the same. Most battery packs use a combination of both to achieve desired voltage and capacity.
Depth of discharge (DoD) is the percentage of battery capacity that has been used. Most batteries last longer when not fully discharged. Lithium batteries can typically handle 80-90% DoD, while lead-acid batteries should not exceed 50% DoD.
Divide your target voltage by individual battery voltage to get series count. Divide your target capacity by individual battery capacity to get parallel count. Total batteries = series count × parallel count.
Always use identical batteries in the same configuration. Include proper fusing and battery management systems. Ensure adequate ventilation and temperature monitoring. Follow manufacturer guidelines for charging and discharging.
Real systems have losses from wiring resistance, inverters, and other components. System efficiency accounts for these losses, typically ranging from 75-95%. This ensures your calculations reflect real-world performance.
No, you should never mix different battery types, ages, or capacities in the same configuration. This can lead to imbalanced charging, reduced performance, and potential safety hazards.