Magnetic Field Calculator

The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire is calculated using Ampère's law: B = (μ₀ × μᵣ × I) / (2π × d), where μ₀ is the permeability of free space, μᵣ is relative permeability, I is current, and d is distance from the wire.

Tesla (T) is the SI unit for magnetic field strength, while Gauss (G) is the CGS unit. The conversion is: 1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss. Tesla is commonly used in scientific applications, while Gauss is often used for smaller magnetic fields.

Magnetic field strength decreases inversely with distance from the wire. This means doubling the distance reduces the field strength by half. The relationship is linear and follows the 1/r dependency for straight wires.

Relative permeability (μᵣ) describes how a material affects magnetic field strength compared to free space. Air and vacuum have μᵣ = 1, ferromagnetic materials have much higher values, while diamagnetic materials have slightly less than 1.

Yes, the calculator supports straight wires, circular loops, and solenoids. Each configuration uses different formulas: straight wires use Ampère's law, loops use the Biot-Savart law at the center, and solenoids use the formula for magnetic field inside a coil.

The calculations are based on theoretical formulas and assume ideal conditions (infinite straight wire, perfect circular loops, etc.). Real-world results may vary due to wire thickness, nearby magnetic materials, and finite wire length.

Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the electric current. Doubling the current doubles the magnetic field strength, assuming all other parameters remain constant. This linear relationship makes it easy to scale calculations.