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Trace Width (W)
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Characteristic Impedance
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Effective Dielectric Constant (εₑff)
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Electrical Length (90°)
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A microstrip transmission line is a type of electrical transmission line consisting of a conducting strip separated from a ground plane by a dielectric layer. It's commonly used in PCB design for high-frequency applications.
Common characteristic impedances are 50Ω for general RF applications, 75Ω for video applications, and 100Ω for differential pairs. Choose based on your system requirements and component specifications.
FR-4 PCB material typically has εᵣ = 4.2-4.8, Rogers RO4003 has εᵣ = 3.38, and PTFE has εᵣ = 2.1. Check your substrate manufacturer's datasheet for exact values.
Trace thickness affects the electric field distribution and thus the characteristic impedance. Thicker traces generally result in lower impedance for the same width.
The effective dielectric constant (εₑff) accounts for the fact that the electric field in a microstrip is partly in air and partly in the dielectric. It's always between 1 and εᵣ.
Modern microstrip calculators using advanced formulas are typically accurate within 1-3% for most practical geometries. For critical applications, consider electromagnetic simulation or measurement verification.
Microstrip formulas are generally valid from DC up to frequencies where the substrate thickness becomes a significant fraction of a wavelength, typically up to several GHz depending on geometry.
1 mil = 0.0254 mm, so multiply mils by 0.0254 to get millimeters, or multiply millimeters by 39.37 to get mils. Our calculator handles unit conversion automatically.