Enter the Fluid Density, Object Volume, Object Mass, and Gravity into the Buoyancy Calculator to get the Buoyant Force, Object Weight, Net Force, and whether the object floats or sinks — with the submerged fraction.
Required Motor Torque
--
Angular Velocity
--
Required Power
--
Torque with Safety Factor
--
Recommended Motor Size
--
Use 1.25 for standard applications, 1.5 for heavy duty or high-precision requirements, and 2.0 for extreme conditions with frequent starts/stops or harsh environments.
Gear reduction reduces the required motor torque by the gear ratio but increases the reflected load inertia by the square of the gear ratio. This affects both torque and acceleration calculations.
Peak torque is the maximum torque a motor can produce for short periods (acceleration), while continuous torque is what it can sustain indefinitely without overheating. Size based on continuous requirements.
For rotating loads, use J = mr² where m is mass and r is radius. For linear systems, reflect the inertia through the drive mechanism. Complex assemblies require summing individual component inertias.
Duty cycle affects thermal management and continuous torque capacity. Motors can handle higher torques for shorter duty cycles due to thermal time constants and heat dissipation capabilities.
Common servo motor frame sizes include NEMA 17, 23, 34 for smaller applications, and larger industrial sizes. Consider mounting compatibility, shaft size, and electrical interface requirements.
Include all friction forces in your load torque calculation. For varying loads, use the RMS (root mean square) value or worst-case scenario, depending on application criticality.