Thevenin's Theorem Calculator

Thévenin's theorem states that any linear electrical circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source (Vth) in series with a single resistance (Rth). This simplifies complex circuit analysis by reducing multiple components to just two equivalent values.

Thévenin voltage is the open-circuit voltage across the terminals where the load will be connected. For a voltage divider circuit, Vth = V × (R2/(R1+R2)), where V is the source voltage and R1, R2 are the resistances in the divider.

Thévenin resistance is found by deactivating all independent sources (replacing voltage sources with short circuits and current sources with open circuits) and calculating the equivalent resistance seen from the load terminals. For parallel resistors, Rth = (R1 × R2)/(R1 + R2).

Thévenin's theorem is widely used in circuit analysis, power transfer calculations, and electronic design. It's particularly useful for analyzing circuits with variable loads, designing amplifiers, and simplifying complex networks for easier calculation.

Thévenin's theorem applies only to linear circuits containing independent sources, dependent sources, and linear elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It cannot be used with nonlinear elements like diodes or transistors operating in nonlinear regions.

Thévenin calculations are mathematically exact for linear circuits when proper analysis methods are used. The accuracy depends on the precision of component values and measurement techniques. This calculator provides high precision results for theoretical analysis.

Thévenin and Norton equivalents are dual representations of the same circuit. Norton equivalent uses a current source in parallel with resistance. The conversion formulas are: IN = Vth/Rth and RN = Rth, where IN is Norton current and RN is Norton resistance.