Stillbirth Risk Calculator

Both involve pregnancy loss, but the distinction is based on gestational age. A miscarriage typically refers to pregnancy loss before 20–23 weeks of gestation, while a stillbirth is defined as fetal death at or after 20–24 weeks (definitions vary slightly by country). Stillbirths are further classified as early (20–27 weeks), late (28–36 weeks), or term (37+ weeks).

In high-income countries, the overall stillbirth rate is approximately 3–4 per 1,000 births, meaning a background risk of roughly 0.3–0.4%. However, this rate varies significantly based on maternal age, health conditions, ethnicity, and access to prenatal care. Globally, the rate is higher in low- and middle-income countries.

The calculator applies statistical risk multipliers derived from published clinical research, including studies from the Fetal Medicine Foundation. It adjusts a baseline population risk using factors such as maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, obstetric history, chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, SLE), and smoking status. The result is a statistical estimate, not a clinical diagnosis.

Common causes include placental problems (responsible for around 25% of cases), fetal growth restriction, umbilical cord accidents, congenital abnormalities, infections, and maternal medical conditions such as diabetes or hypertension. In a significant proportion of cases, no definitive cause is identified even after thorough investigation.

While not all stillbirths are preventable, certain steps can reduce risk. These include regular antenatal check-ups, monitoring fetal movement, quitting smoking, managing pre-existing conditions like diabetes and hypertension, maintaining a healthy weight, and sleeping on your side after 28 weeks. Early identification of growth-restricted babies through ultrasound is also key.

Yes. Maternal obesity (BMI ≥30) is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, partly due to higher rates of associated conditions such as gestational diabetes and hypertension, as well as placental dysfunction. The risk rises further with severe obesity (BMI ≥40). Achieving a healthy BMI before conception can help reduce this risk.

Yes. Having experienced a previous stillbirth is one of the most significant individual risk factors for recurrence. Women in this group typically receive enhanced monitoring in subsequent pregnancies. The absolute recurrence risk depends on the cause of the prior stillbirth and other maternal factors.

No. This tool provides a purely statistical estimate based on population-level data. It cannot account for all individual circumstances, pregnancy-specific ultrasound findings, or clinical judgment. Always consult your obstetrician or midwife if you have concerns about your pregnancy or risk of complications.