Enter your material's applied force and cross-sectional area (or directly input stress), along with original length and change in length (or strain), to calculate Young's Modulus — the elastic modulus that measures a material's stiffness. Results include stress, strain, and the modulus of elasticity in your chosen units.
Young's Modulus (E)
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Stress (σ)
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Strain (ε)
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Young's Modulus in Pa
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Young's modulus, also called the modulus of elasticity or elastic modulus, is a mechanical property that measures a material's resistance to being deformed elastically under stress. It is defined as the ratio of tensile or compressive stress (σ) to the corresponding axial strain (ε) within the linear elastic region. A higher Young's modulus means the material is stiffer and deforms less under load.
Young's modulus (E) is calculated using the formula E = σ / ε, where σ is the stress (force divided by cross-sectional area) and ε is the strain (change in length divided by original length). You can either input stress and strain directly, or provide the applied force, area, original length, and deformation, and let the calculator derive stress and strain for you.
Young's modulus has units of pressure — the same as stress — since strain is dimensionless. Common units include Pascals (Pa), Megapascals (MPa), Gigapascals (GPa), psi, and ksi. For most engineering materials like steel or aluminum, GPa is the most convenient unit (e.g., steel ≈ 200 GPa).
Diamond has one of the highest known Young's moduli, at approximately 1,000–1,200 GPa, making it extremely stiff. Among commonly used engineering materials, tungsten (≈ 400 GPa) and steel (≈ 200 GPa) are notably high. Rubber, by contrast, has a very low Young's modulus of around 0.01–0.1 GPa, reflecting its high elasticity.
Not exactly. Young's modulus is a material property — it describes how a material intrinsically resists elastic deformation. Stiffness, on the other hand, is a structural property that also depends on geometry (shape, size, and boundary conditions). Two components made of the same material can have very different stiffness values depending on their dimensions.
Yes, tensile modulus and Young's modulus refer to the same property when measured along the axis of loading in a tensile test. Both describe the ratio of axial stress to axial strain in the elastic region. The term 'tensile modulus' is more common in polymer and composite materials testing.
On a stress-strain curve, Young's modulus is the slope of the initial linear (elastic) portion of the curve. You can calculate it by selecting two points (σ₁, ε₁) and (σ₂, ε₂) on the straight-line region and computing E = (σ₂ − σ₁) / (ε₂ − ε₁). This straight-line region ends at the proportional limit or yield point of the material.
Yes, Young's modulus is generally temperature-dependent. For most metals, it decreases as temperature increases because thermal energy disrupts atomic bonding and reduces the material's resistance to deformation. This must be accounted for in high-temperature engineering applications such as turbine blades or furnace components.