Enter your Mass of Solute and Equivalent Weight (or let the calculator figure it out from Molecular Weight and Valency), along with the Volume of Solution, and the Normality Calculator gives you the solution's Normality (N), Calculated Equivalent Weight, and Number of Equivalents.
Normality (N)
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Calculated Equivalent Weight
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Number of Equivalents
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Normality is a measure of concentration equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution. It indicates the number of equivalents of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.
Normality is calculated using the formula: N = Mass of solute / (Equivalent weight × Volume of solution in liters). The equivalent weight is the molecular weight divided by valency.
Molarity measures moles of solute per liter of solution, while normality measures equivalents per liter. For monovalent substances, molarity equals normality, but for polyvalent substances, normality = molarity × valency.
Equivalent weight is calculated by dividing molecular weight by valency. For acids, valency is the number of H+ ions; for bases, it's the number of OH- ions they can provide.
Normality is expressed in units of 'N' (normal) or equivalents per liter (eq/L). A 1N solution contains one gram equivalent of solute per liter of solution.
Normality is particularly useful in acid-base reactions and redox reactions where the number of equivalents is more important than the number of moles for stoichiometric calculations.
Yes, for polyvalent substances (valency > 1), normality will be greater than molarity. For example, for H2SO4 with valency 2, normality = 2 × molarity.